Under Tennessee law, grandparents do have rights as it relates to getting visitation time with their grandchildren. Tennessee Code Annotated § 36-6-306, known as the “Grandparents Visitation Statute,”provides a number of circumstances that permit courts to mandate grandparent visitation and, sometimes, confer custodial rights including the following:
- The father or mother of an unmarried minor child is deceased;
- The child’s father or mother are divorced, legally separated, or were never married to each other;
- The child’s father or mother has been missing for not less than six (6) months;
- The court of another state has ordered grandparent visitation;
- The child resided in the home of the grandparent for a period of twelve (12) months or more and was subsequently removed from the home by the parent or parents (this grandparent-grandchild relationship establishes a rebuttable presumption that denial of visitation may result in irreparable harm to the child)
In the case of In Re Destin R. (Child) was born to Amy Redferrin (Mother) in April 2007. At the time of his birth Mother was living with her father and step-mother (Grandparents). Mother and Child continued to live with Grandparents until Child was two years old. During that time Grandfather took care of Child while Mother was at work or attending school.
When Child was two years old, Mother moved them into their own home with a man who was to become Mother’s husband. Child was enrolled in daycare. In time Child began exhibiting aggressive behavior, to the extent that he was dis-enrolled from the daycare facility. At the suggestion of his pediatrician, Mother took Child to a doctor who prescribed him medication to help with his aggression.
Mother then took Child to a clinical psychologist who took Child off the medication the doctor had prescribed, and developed a behavioral modification plan to which all family members and caregivers were to adhere. The plan included specific guidelines and a notebook in which the caregiver was to record Child’s activities, food, any behavior problem and how that problem was dealt with at that time. The main focus of the plan was consistency and structure for Child.
As things progressed, Mother became concerned that the Grandparents were not following the plan when Child was in their care. Mother began restricting Child’s visits with Grandparents. Things came to a head on February 15, 2012 when Mother informed Grandfather that if he wanted to see Child he “could come to my house or I would meet him somewhere, but that he wasn’t welcome due to a text message of an article that I received.”
It was then that Grandparents filed a Petition to Establish Grandparent Visitation and a Guardian ad Litem was appointed. The case came to trial on July 19, 2013. In an order entered August 20, 2013, the trial court found that Mother “effectively terminated Petitioners’ visitation” and ordered specific visitation privileges for the Grandparents with Child.
Mother appeals to The Court Of Appeals Of Tennessee At Memphis arguing the following issues:
- Did the trial court err in applying T.C.A. 36-6-306(a)(5) in finding that as Mother lived in Plaintiffs home while the child was in her custody that the statute would apply thus creating a rebuttable presumption that denial of visitation may result in irreparable harm to the child;
- Did the trial court err in applying T.C.A. 36-6-306(b)(1)(A) and making a finding that maternal grandfather had served as primary caregiver for the child while the child was in Mother’s custody and living in his home with Mother;
- Whether the trial court erred in finding that an effective denial of visitation or severance of a relationship between the minor child and Plaintiffs occurred so as to implicate the provisions of T.C.A. 36-6-306;
- Did the trial court err in finding risk of substantial harm to the minor child if the request for visitation was denied.
- Did the trial court err in finding that ordering Grandparent Visitation is in the best interest of the minor child per T.C.A 36-6-106.
Based upon the Grandparent Visitation Statute the Appellate Court made the following ruling:
We do not find it appropriate to “soldier on” to conduct an independent review of the record and address the other issues presented by Mother. As noted, there was no evidence that Mother opposed Grandparents’ visitation at the time the court ruled that she had the burden of going forward. The evidence we have reviewed preponderates against a finding that Mother opposed Grandfather’s visitation and shows that Mother restricted, but did not oppose, Grandmother’s visitation. Moreover, it is necessary for the trial court to make specific findings of fact relative to Mother’s opposition to both Grandparents’ visitation and to the effect of any denial of visitation on Child. In addition, the trial court did not assess the credibility of the parties; given the strained relationship between Mother and Grandmother which is apparent in the record, an independent review of the record would be inappropriate in this instance.
Accordingly, the Court vacated the trial court’s decision and remanded the case for the entry of an order in compliance.
If you are in a grandparent visitation dispute, you should seek the services of an experienced family lawyer. Contact attorney Donna Wagner to schedule a consultation.
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